Eduardo
Paolozzi
Eduardo Paolozzi was born in Edinburgh,
Scotland on 1924 of Italian parents, was British sculptor and artist specifically
in printmaking. Where in 1962 Eduardo began to emerge as a Pop artist, because
he created an abstract pieces from different materials and a collage based on screen-prints,
at the same time he was a member of The
Independent Group (IG) “were the single most important group of artists to
change the culture of post-war Britain by celebrating popular culture and
mass-produced consumer goods (Massey, 1995). Their goals to change the culture of
post-war Britain by expand the thought of art and design to include reference
to new technology and to developed modernism form. In addition The Independent
Group considered the pioneers of pop art, because they leave a huge and unique
impact by their works in British.
Since this group was calling for wide knowledge in
technology and modernism, " Paolozzi’s work offers a particularly good
case study of how the analogical reasoning of cybernetics feeds into a
process-oriented artistic practice (Stryker, 2011,
p.3)". He came out with screen-print on paper called (Automobile Head 1954–62). It is a composite
of head's shape contain many of automobile engines outline, in a way they
became interlocking mechanisms. In final look, you can see a body built from
fragment material, represent that we can link even the small piece or
information of knowledge to come up with new useful technology in our life.
After that, The Independent Group considered one of the important references to
new technology.
Artist :Sir Eduardo
Paolozzi(1924‑2005)
Medium : Screenprint on paper
Title : Automobile Head
Date: 1954-62
This screen-print (Automobile Head) is from Tate
collection, “ it’s new modern art collection, to be known as ARTIST ROOMS, has
been established, it was announced today, created through one of the largest
and most imaginative gifts of art ever made to museums in Britain (D'offay, 2008,
p.1)”. Tate consists of national British art group from year 1500 to till these
days. The Gallery has significant collections of Pop art include major works, for
example The ‘Bunk’ collages of Paolozzi “ series of forty-five Bunk collages,
made by the artist in Paris and London from around 1947 to 1952, are often
considered as prototypical works of Pop art (Stonard,
2008, p.238)” and most of collages cut from American magazine. He
used to collect these magazines material from American servicemen stationed in
Paris. Often considered these ‘Bunk’
collage collection an important step in the development of the Pop Art history.
Moreover,
American magazines became an attractive that period, for the sake of wide
reference, because pop artist were very busy in the commercial imagery, which
became a habit in post-second world war. One of the politics effects that appear
at the end of this war Surrealism " is one of the preeminent art movements
of the 20th century. The movement was proclaimed by André Breton in his
Surrealist Manifesto of 1924. Like all art movements, Surrealism is a product
of its historic period ( Brahman, 2004, p.6) " in order to obtain the
release of creative potential of the unconscious mind. Eduardo Paolozzi was
deeply affected by Surrealist movement, which led him to make one of his
well-known works in Bunk collection (I was a Rich Man's Plaything) in 1947.
Artist : Sir Eduardo
Paolozzi(1924‑2005)
Title : I was a Rich
Man's Plaything
Medium : Collage
mounted on card
From : Ten Collages from BUNK
Collection : Tate
Date : 1947
(I
was a Rich Man's Plaything) Collage, (Tate, London). It is a combination of
three commercially printed-paper. The biggest and first piece is beautiful
smiling lady sitting on cushion like a star; this is a cover of ‘Intimate
Confessions’ magazine. Represent his fascination with popular culture and
technology and the Wealth and positivity in the American consumerism. The second picture in the left bottom is a
postcard of a World War II fighter-bomber, while the last picture is Coca-Cola
advertising. Shows the suffering in social life experienced by the people in
the post-war Britain.
Many collages from Bunk collection are characterized
by great diversity of ideas and how the material has been cut-and-pasted in a
dynamic composition. For instance, the juice product collage titled (Real Gold)
in 1949. There is a can of Real Gold orange juice in the right side, which from
the juice takes the title. Next to the juice, there are happy people using
their technology such machines as modern cars, bikes, radio and the electric
kettle. Eduardo was not attracted only by the material well-being of image but,
also by the artistic value and they represent the new iconography of the modern
world. His point of view, the esthetic of American magazine and popular advertisements
they represent the main idea into multi-pictures but all of them related to the
same meaning. He applied his point in the collage (Real Gold), that the real
gold while drinking this juice same as the happiness experienced while using
the modern machines.
Artist : Sir Eduardo
Paolozzi(1924‑2005)
From : Ten
Collages from BUNK
Medium : Collage on paper
Title : Real Gold
Collection : Tate
Date : 1949
References:
Ø
Articles
1. Brahman, D. (2004). Surrealist Art in NOMA’s Collection,p.6
2. D'offay, A. (2008). New
£125 Million National collection will bring contemporary art to audiences across
britain.p.1
3. Stonard, J. p. (2008). The ‘Bunk’ collages of Eduardo
Paolozzi. The Burlingtion Magazine, PP. 238-239& 242.
4.
Stryker,
E. M. (2011). Parallel Systems:
Lawrence Alloway and Eduardo Paolozzi. Tate’s online research journal,
p.3
Ø
Books
1.
Massey,A.(1945-59).The
independent Group. University press: Manchester.
2.
Langmuir,E and Lynton, N.(2000).The Yale
Dictionary Of Art And Artists .USA
Ø
Websites
1.
I
was a Rich Man's Plaything. (n.d.). Retrieved April 7,2012 , from http://www2.tate.org.uk/imap/imap2/pages/paolozzi.html
2.
Tate.
(2001). Retrieved April 11, 2012, from http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/paolozzi-real-gold-t06934/text-summary
The bibliography has to be a single list sorted alphabetically. Very interesting resources!
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